![]() ![]() UPnP might be used to open a port on at least one side, allowing a direct connection to that side. ![]() Most of these programs have several modes, and a central server with open ports to coordinate both sides, as well as account management stuff. Once port state has been successfully established and the hosts are communicating, port state may be maintained either by normal communications traffic, or in the prolonged absence thereof, by keep-alive packets, usually consisting of empty UDP packets or packets with minimal non-intrusive content. ![]() Typically, third-party hosts on the public transit network are used to establish UDP port states that may be used for direct communications between the communicating hosts. NAT traversal techniques are typically required for client-to-client networking applications on the Internet involving hosts connected in private networks, especially in peer-to-peer, Direct Client-to-Client (DCC) and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) deployments.UDP hole punching establishes connectivity between two hosts communicating across one or more network address translators. UDP hole punching is a commonly used technique employed in network address translation (NAT) applications for maintaining User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packet streams that traverse the NAT.
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